The main danger of glaucoma is that in the early stages it is often almost asymptomatic, and the loss of vision occurs gradually and imperceptibly for the patient.
Initially, peripheral vision may suffer, while central vision persists for a long time. Therefore, a person may not notice the problem until the changes become pronounced.
The main forms that can be diagnosed and maintained:
Congenital glaucoma or juvenile glaucoma occurs in children from birth or adolescence. If the diagnosis and help are not provided in time, it can permanently disable the child.
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and develops gradually.
Angle-closure glaucoma can be acute and requires urgent care.
Glaucoma of normal pressure-damage to the optic nerve develops even without a sharp increase in pressure.
Secondary glaucoma occurs against the background of other eye diseases, injuries, inflammation, and taking certain medications.
Suspected glaucoma / ophthalmohypertension is a condition that requires monitoring and risk control.
Important: glaucoma is a disease in which vision cannot be "restored with back drops" if the nerve has already been damaged. Therefore, the main task is to identify the disease as early as possible and stop its progression.
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and develops gradually.
Angle-closure glaucoma can be acute and requires urgent care.
Glaucoma of normal pressure-damage to the optic nerve develops even without a sharp increase in pressure.
Secondary glaucoma occurs against the background of other eye diseases, injuries, inflammation, and taking certain medications.
Suspected glaucoma / ophthalmohypertension is a condition that requires monitoring and risk control.
Important: glaucoma is a disease in which vision cannot be "restored with back drops" if the nerve has already been damaged. Therefore, the main task is to identify the disease as early as possible and stop its progression.
Diagnostics
Objective: to identify glaucoma at an early stage, to assess the condition of the optic nerve, intraocular pressure and visual field.
Methods and devices:
Tonometry-measurement of intraocular pressure.
Pachymetry is a measurement of the thickness of the cornea, which is important for the correct interpretation of pressure.
OCT of macula, optic nerve and nerve fiber layer-helps detect early structural changes.
Perimetry is the study of visual fields to detect functional disorders.
Gonioscopy is an assessment of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, helps to determine the form of glaucoma.
Biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy — examination of the anterior segment and disc of the optic nerve.
Photo protocol / digital surveillance in Dynamics — allows you to compare changes over time.
Diagnostic time: usually 60-90 minutes, with extended examination — longer.
Methods and devices:
Tonometry-measurement of intraocular pressure.
Pachymetry is a measurement of the thickness of the cornea, which is important for the correct interpretation of pressure.
OCT of macula, optic nerve and nerve fiber layer-helps detect early structural changes.
Perimetry is the study of visual fields to detect functional disorders.
Gonioscopy is an assessment of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, helps to determine the form of glaucoma.
Biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy — examination of the anterior segment and disc of the optic nerve.
Photo protocol / digital surveillance in Dynamics — allows you to compare changes over time.
Diagnostic time: usually 60-90 minutes, with extended examination — longer.
Treatment
Objective: reduce the risk of damage to the optic nerve, stabilize intraocular pressure and maintain vision for as long as possible.
- Medical treatment
- Antihypertensive eye drops-reduce intraocular pressure or improve the outflow of intraocular fluid.
- Combined treatment regimens are selected individually depending on the form of glaucoma and its dynamics.
- Supportive therapy and monitoring of treatment tolerance are especially important for long-term use of the drug.
- Laser and surgical tacticsIf the drops are not effective enough or if certain forms of glaucoma occur, the patient may seek laser or surgical treatment.
Tactics are determined individually after a complete diagnosis. - Why is it important to monitor and not just prescribe drops?
- For glaucoma, it is not enough to simply start treatment.
- It is important to check regularly whether the chosen therapy helps, whether the pressure remains at the target level, and whether damage to the optic nerve continues despite treatment.
- Speaker control
- Objective: notice progression in time and adjust treatment until irreversible loss of vision occurs.
- Inspection frequency:
- When starting treatment or changing the regimen, the first check-up is usually done after 1-2 weeks.
- At a stable rate-every 3-6 months.
- OCT and visual fields are set according to individual graphs, usually regularly to assess dynamics.
- If there is a high risk of progression, it is more often prescribed by a doctor.
- What is tuned:
- Intraocular pressure level
- Visual acuity
- Optic nerve condition
- Nerve fiber layer thickness
- Fields of view
- Tolerability of treatment and adherence to the treatment regimen
- ResultWhat gives the correct diagnosis and treatment:
Early detection of glaucoma
Reducing the risk of permanent vision loss
Optic nerve stabilization
Maintaining the field of vision and quality of life
Long-term Disease Control
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