Problems with the retina and optic nerve can be asymptomatic in the early stages, so early diagnosis is critically important.
The main conditions that can be diagnosed and managed:
- Fundus changes are the area through which the condition of the retina and blood vessels of the eye is visible.
- Degenerative processes are the gradual deterioration of the structure of the retina (for example, retinal dystrophy).
- Inflammatory and vascular disorders – inflammation (for example, uveitis) or problems with blood circulation in the retina.
- Glaucoma of the optic nerve is damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma).
- Congenital and acquired anomalies are structural features or acquired injuries (for example, injuries, consequences of diabetes).
Diagnostics
- The goal: to identify diseases in the early stages, when there are no symptoms yet.
Methods and devices:
- Ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy are examinations of the fundus and anterior segment of the eye through a special microscope.
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high–precision device for scanning the retina and optic nerve, which allows detecting micro-injuries.
- Fluorescent angiography is the introduction of a dye to assess blood flow in the retina.
- Tonometry is a measurement of intraocular pressure, important for glaucoma.
- Perimetry (field of vision) is a check of peripheral vision to detect damage to the optic nerve.
- Diagnostic time: 30-60 minutes, including all examinations and a doctor's consultation.
Treatment
The goal: to stop the progression of the disease, preserve vision and eye functionality.
- Medical treatment
- Medications to reduce intraocular pressure (for glaucoma)
- Intraocular injections to restore blood circulation and treat inflammation
- Anti-inflammatory drops or systemic medications
- Optical correction
- Special glasses or contact lenses do not treat the retina, but they help with concomitant refractive disorders (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism).
- Multifocal glasses or contact lenses help to distribute focus and reduce eye strain in adult patients with presbyopia.
- Hardware treatment and therapy
- Examples: Refrax or Amblyocore device (computer program).
- What they do: they stimulate the retina and optic nerve, improve blood circulation, and train the "lazy eye" or binocular vision.
- Why you need: comprehensive support after laser treatment or for chronic visual impairments.
- Terms of treatment and adaptation:
- Medications — course 1-3 months, regular checkups every 1-3 months
- Long—term dynamics and control - 6-12 months or more, depending on the pathology
Dynamics control
- Purpose: to monitor the condition of the retina and optic nerve, the effectiveness of treatment and timely adjust therapy.
Frequency of checkups:
- Active therapy or progressive disease — every 1-3 months
- Stable condition — every 6-12 months
- What is being tracked:
- Fundus changes
- Condition of retinal vessels
- Dynamics of the optic nerve and intraocular pressure
- Reaction to treatment
Result
The main purpose of treatment and control:
- Preserve your eyesight and visual acuity
- Prevent serious complications (retinal detachment, vision loss in glaucoma)
- Maintain the health of the optic nerve and retina
- Provide comfortable and safe eyesight for many years to come
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