The main types of dryness:
Functional — occurs after working for a long time on a computer, phone, or in air-conditioned rooms.
Age—related is associated with a natural decrease in tear production with age.
Hormone-related — often in women during menopause, pregnancy, or hormonal disorders.
Systemic is associated with diseases of the body, for example, rheumatological or autoimmune disorders (when the immune system attacks its own tissues).
Important: for effective treatment, it is necessary to determine the exact cause of dryness, because the simple use of tear substitutes (artificial tears) does not always solve the problem completely.
Age—related is associated with a natural decrease in tear production with age.
Hormone-related — often in women during menopause, pregnancy, or hormonal disorders.
Systemic is associated with diseases of the body, for example, rheumatological or autoimmune disorders (when the immune system attacks its own tissues).
Important: for effective treatment, it is necessary to determine the exact cause of dryness, because the simple use of tear substitutes (artificial tears) does not always solve the problem completely.
Diagnostics
Purpose: to determine the type and cause of dry eyes, to assess the condition of the tear film and the ocular surface.
Methods and devices:
Slit lamp — microscope with a bright light source, the surface of the eye is examined, the thickness of the tear film is assessed, the presence of corneal damage.
Tear Film Test — Measures how quickly tears break down after blinking.
Schirmer's diagram — strips of paper measure the amount of tear fluid produced.
Corneal topography and keratometry are devices that evaluate the shape of the cornea and the distribution of tear film.
OCT of the anterior segment — visualization of the cornea, tear ducts and eyelids to identify structural problems.
Biochemical analysis of tears — if systemic or hormonal disorders are suspected, the composition of the tear fluid is assessed.
Diagnostic time: 20-40 minutes, including all measurements and a doctor's consultation.
Methods and devices:
Slit lamp — microscope with a bright light source, the surface of the eye is examined, the thickness of the tear film is assessed, the presence of corneal damage.
Tear Film Test — Measures how quickly tears break down after blinking.
Schirmer's diagram — strips of paper measure the amount of tear fluid produced.
Corneal topography and keratometry are devices that evaluate the shape of the cornea and the distribution of tear film.
OCT of the anterior segment — visualization of the cornea, tear ducts and eyelids to identify structural problems.
Biochemical analysis of tears — if systemic or hormonal disorders are suspected, the composition of the tear fluid is assessed.
Diagnostic time: 20-40 minutes, including all measurements and a doctor's consultation.
Treatment
The goal: to restore the normal tear film, relieve irritation, prevent damage to the cornea and improve the quality of life.
- Medical treatmentTear substitutes (artificial tears)
Options: without preservatives (for frequent use), with hyaluronic acid (for moisture retention).
Effect : moisturizing the eyes, reducing burning and redness.
Anti-inflammatory drops
They are used for chronic inflammation of the lacrimal glands or cornea.
soft steroid drops (as prescribed by a doctor).
Effect: reduction of inflammation and restoration of normal tear production.
Hormonal correctors
They are prescribed for hormone-related dryness.
Example: topical estrogen-containing drugs or systemic therapy for hormonal disorders.
Drugs for stimulating the lacrimal glands
For example, stimulants of the lacrimal glands).
Effect : natural increase in tear production. - Hardware and procedural methods
- Thermal and microvibration eyelid massagers — improve the functioning of the meibomian glands (sebaceous glands of the eyelid), reduce stagnation and inflammation.
- Flushing the tear ducts and eyelids removes accumulated mucus and bacteria, improves the distribution of tear film.
- Pulsating devices for microcirculation stimulation enhance blood circulation in the tissues of the eye, accelerate the restoration of the cornea.
- Light and infrared simulators — stimulate the lacrimal glands and relieve chronic irritation.
- Optical correction
- Special glasses with protection from wind and screen — prevent the evaporation of tears, reduce irritation when working at a computer.
- Contact lenses with increased moisture content — silicone hydrogel, lenses with a moisture-retaining coating.
- Orthokeratological lenses (Ortho-K) — when dryness and myopia are combined in children, they correct the shape of the cornea at night and reduce the strain on the eyes during the day.
- Terms of treatment and adaptation:
- Symptomatic hydration is an instant effect, but regular use is required.
- Anti—inflammatory drops - 4-6 weeks before stabilization
- Hardware methods — a course of 2-6 weeks, improvement after the first sessions
- Contact lenses and glasses — 1-2 weeks adaptation
Dynamics control
- Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, to make sure that the eyes remain moistened and complications do not develop.
- Initial monitoring — 1-2 weeks after the start of treatment
- Further monitoring — every 1-3 months, depending on the cause of dryness
- The control includes: corneal examination, assessment of tear film, visual acuity, eye comfort
Results
What gives the right treatment:
- Elimination of dryness, burning and redness
- Reducing discomfort when working at a computer or outdoors
- Restoration of normal tear film
- Prevention of corneal damage and complications
- The possibility of safe use of contact lenses and glasses
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